The shape and decoration of classical furniture in Ming and Qing Dynasties

The unprecedented prosperity of the furniture manufacturing industry in the early Ming and Qing dynasties can be attributed to two reasons. One is that the commodity economy in cities and towns has generally developed, and the pursuit of social fashion has stimulated the supply and demand of furniture from one side; another reason may be related to shipping In connection with the opening of hardwood, the influx of hard wood gives craftsmen a room to play, competing to create furniture that surpasses the previous generation in terms of robustness, beauty and practicality.

Appraisal of the Classical Furniture of Ming and Qing Dynasties 1: The characteristics of the modeling era are obvious

The varieties and shapes of Ming and Qing furniture have obvious characteristics of the times. Furniture such as wine tables and round backrest chairs were still popular in the Ming Dynasty and were gradually eliminated after the Qing Dynasty; the solemn style of the Taishi chair is the representative of the Qing style furniture . Another example is the coffee table, which itself is a variety produced to adapt to the Qing style furniture layout methods, mostly mahogany and new Huanghua pear products. No older ones have been seen. In addition, such as folding chairs, folding incense tables, etc., are new varieties that emerged after the Yongzheng dynasty in the Qing Dynasty.

The poises that were popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were also significantly different in shape. The fat and short seats in the Ming Dynasty were thin and tall, and the lean and tall in the Qing Dynasty. The legs and feet of the tables and chairs have also undergone a change from thin to thick. All tables and chairs with the former characteristics are generally older than the latter. The date of appraisal of Ming and Qing furniture sooner or later, sometimes can also be judged according to certain components. For example, the backrest of the official hats of the Ming Dynasty was basically plain. The backrests of official hats and chairs in the Qing Dynasty were mostly carved plates, and plain plates were rare. Another example is that the pintles of Ming-style furniture are made of straight crows, and pintles are often used after the mid-Qing period. Another example is the cabinet. The Ming-style cabinets are dominated by rounded corners, and the side legs have obvious points. They are mainly decorated with various smooth lines and do not re-engrave. After entering the Qing Dynasty, this type of rounded corner cabinets gradually decreased, and replaced by square corner cabinets, the bottom of which was straight and the side legs were gradually reduced, and there was basically no side legs after the middle of the Qing Dynasty.

Appraisal of the Classical Furniture in Ming and Qing Dynasties II: There are Time Differences in Patterns

In the appraisal of ancient artifacts, it is an important standard to use the decorative styles and ornaments to make the generation. Furniture is no exception. Ming and Qing furniture have different eras in decoration techniques and patterns.

Generally speaking, Ming-style furniture is distinguished by its exquisite but not ingenious, rustic but not vulgar, thick but not sluggish, and its unique aesthetic personality and art form are also clearly reflected in the decorative patterns. The decorative motifs of Ming-style furniture such as pine, bamboo, plum, orchid, pomegranate, ganoderma, lotus and other plant themes; landscape themes such as mountains, rocks, flowing water, village houses, and pavilions are more common, and a large number of motifs with auspicious meanings are used. Compared with the Qing Dynasty furniture, the decorative motifs of Ming-style furniture, such as Fang Sheng, Pan Chang, Wanzi, Ruyi, Yuntou, Turtle Back, Curve Ruler, and Chain, are mostly more elegant and elegant, quite like "Ming Yue Qing Spring", "Yang Chun Bai Xue" The interest of literati, Confucian scholars and the like adds to the elegance of Ming-style furniture.

Qing-style classical furniture is full of gorgeous and gorgeous eyes, and its decorative patterns also reflect this aesthetic style accordingly. In terms of performance, Qing-style furniture is icing on the cake. Compared with the importance of material beauty in Ming-style furniture, artisans in the Qing Dynasty focused more on the beauty of man-made ingenuity rather than on the natural texture of materials. Therefore, it is rare to see such large-scale elements on the furniture of the Qing Dynasty, not to be adorned. .

The furniture ornaments of the late Qing Dynasty were mostly pieced together into auspicious words with the names of various items, such as "Luhe and Tongchun", "Every year is more than one", "Phoenix wears peonies", "Flowers bloom richly and richly", "Fuzhishengsheng", " "Early birth of your son", "Ji Qingyuyu", etc., the palace furniture mostly uses "Qunyun holding the sun", "Shuanglong opera beads", "Hongfu Qitian", "Wufu holding the birthday", "Longfeng Chengxiang" and so on.

In addition, it is worth noting:

Some themes, although adopted in the Ming and Qing dynasties, differ in the content of the patterns. The dragon has been a totem of Chinese worship since ancient times. Dragon pattern is widely used in Ming and Qing furniture. Many dragons were carved in the Ming Dynasty, and the Kui dragon patterns in the Qing Dynasty were the most common. As a kind of beast, Kirin is also a decorative theme commonly used in ancient China. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the unicorn must be in a prone position, that is, both front and back feet were kneeling on the ground. From the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, the unicorn must be in a sitting position. The front legs are no longer kneeling but straight, and the hind legs are still the same as in the mid-Ming. After entering Qing Kangxi, Qilin stood up and stared at him.

Because the furniture of Ming and Qing dynasties has followed traditions or deliberately imitated the decoration, it is extremely difficult to make an era. Therefore, you can choose the reference to compare the generation. When referring to the comparison, it is advisable to use the same or close theme to compare, so that it is easier to judge the age and the result is more accurate. The reference objects can be patterns on jade, porcelain, red lacquer ware and other handicrafts, especially the decorative patterns on buildings in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and they often have more similarities with materials, contents and forms of furniture decorative patterns.

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