I. Introduction
CAE is widely used in the development of automotive and other mechanical products. For example, the finite element method (FEM) is used to calculate the stress and deformation of mechanical parts for strength and stiffness analysis; the multi-body dynamics method is used for dynamic simulation analysis of vehicle handling stability and ride comfort; the finite element method is used for vehicle collision. Analysis; analysis of vehicle noise and so on using finite element method and boundary method (BEM). It can be said that the role played by CAE in the development of automotive products has not been replaced.
The role of CAE in the development of automotive products is reflected in three aspects:
1. CAE greatly shortens the product development cycle. Solid modeling and parameterization are used in the modeling and analysis process. The modification of models and parameters is very convenient. The time required to determine reasonable structural parameters is greatly shortened.
2. Reduced development costs. Compared to road testing and indoor bench testing, the cost of using CAE to analyze the performance of automotive vehicles and components is significantly reduced.
3. It is conducive to the development of superior vehicle and parts with superior performance through optimization and other means. For example, by optimizing the structural parameters of the frame and the body to reduce the weight of the vehicle; by optimizing the parameters of the walking system and the steering system to improve the steering stability and ride comfort of the vehicle.
Of course, from the practical point of view, the role of automotive CAE depends on two important premises. One is the mastery of CAE technology, and the other is to provide the most basic experimental data and related databases. The basic experimental data referred to herein refers to tire characteristic data, road characteristic data, and mechanical properties of various materials. The so-called related database refers to the database that the enterprise has accumulated in the process of product design and development, which can provide structural forms and main parameters (including price, external situation, etc.). In addition, to better implement CAE and play its role, it must be combined with CAD/CAPP/CAM, optimization technology, etc.
This paper mainly introduces the application and implementation of CAE in automotive product development, and discusses the relationship between CAE and CAD, CAPP, CAM and optimization technology.
Second, the application of CAE in the development of automotive products
CAE has a wide range of applications in automotive product development. Here are a few of the main aspects of the application.
1. Analysis of structural strength and stiffness
The finite element method is widely used in the analysis of mechanical structural strength and stiffness due to its high computational accuracy, especially in the linear range of material stress and strain. In addition, when considering the coupling of mechanical stress and thermal stress, large software such as ANSYS and NASTRAN provide extremely convenient analysis methods.
(1) Analysis of strength and stiffness of frame and body
The frame and body are components of the car that are more complex in structure and force, especially for fully loaded bus bodies. The finite element analysis of the frame and body is designed to increase its load carrying capacity and resistance to deformation, reduce its own weight and save material. In addition, as far as the entire car is concerned, when the weight of the frame and the body is reduced, the weight of the whole vehicle is also reduced, thereby improving the performance of the vehicle and the economy.
(2) Analysis of bending stress and contact stress of gears
Gears are commonly used transmission components in automotive engines and drive trains. Through the analysis of gear root bending stress and tooth surface contact stress, the gear structure parameters are optimized to improve the bearing capacity and service life of the gear.
(3) Stress analysis of engine parts
Taking the cylinder head of the engine as an example, its work is not only affected by the high-pressure gas in the cylinder, but also generates complex thermal stress. Cylinder head cracking has occurred. If it is improved only by local reinforcement at the crack, the problem cannot be solved fundamentally. The finite element method provides the fundamental way to solve this problem.
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