(2) When high-speed milling gray cast iron is used for high-speed milling of gray cast iron, it is of course possible to use K-type hard alloy for rough machining, and for the processing of silicon-silicon ceramic inserts. For example, if you use a symmetrical two-piece PCBN insert on an end mill with 8 inserts and increase the cutting speed by 4 times, the result is the same metal removal rate and a 3/4 reduction in cutting force. Tool life and processing quality exceed the former.
For pearlite cast iron and chilled cast iron, PCBN tools should also be used for high-speed machining. Compared with other tool materials, it can improve cutting speed, extend tool life and reduce surface roughness.
3. High speed boring casting hole
Compared with the single-piece boring tool, the paired insert PCBN boring tool on the high-speed mast has a good balance, which increases the rigidity of the mast. At a given feed rate, the PCBN double-blade boring can be used. A high metal removal rate and surface quality are obtained.
At present, there are many engine manufacturers in China, and PCBN tools have been used for finishing the cylinder bore (or cylinder liner) of the cylinder block. As the engine manufacturers of Shanghai Volkswagen and FAW Group, the cylinder bores are all made of PCBN inserts and can be automatically compensated (υc=500m/min, f=0.2mm/r, αp=0.1mm). Therefore, the processed cylinder bore has high precision and dimensional stability, and has high production efficiency and long tool life.
For small hole boring, ceramic or coated blades can be used, but the blade should have a negative rake angle, which will increase the resistance to cutting and chip removal, and easily cause the slender mast to vibrate. If the PCBN tool is used for high-speed boring, the surface quality of the hole is good and the production efficiency is high.
4. Reaming hardened steel or hard casting small holes
CBN electroplated reamer should be used for the hole machining of such workpieces. This kind of reamer is made of 45# steel or 9CrSi steel with a hardness of 42HRC. It has front and rear guiding and cutting parts. The base manufacturing precision is high and the design should be reasonable. If the diameter of the front guiding portion of the reamer is smaller than the diameter of the cutting edge portion by 0.04 mm, the length of the cutting zone is larger than the depth of the workpiece hole, and the length of the rear guiding is greater than the length of the cutting zone, and the diameter should be smaller than the diameter of the cutting edge of 0.02 mm. In order to flush the chips with the cutting fluid and to cool the lubricated surface in the reaming, the reamer base has two deep spiral grooves.
For example, a factory processing hardened steel workpiece hole φ12.06±0.05mm, hardness is 45HRC, bottom hole size is φ12±0.01mm, the cylindricity of the hole is required to be 0.005mm, and the surface roughness is Ra0.2μm. After processing with a set of five electroplated CBN reamers, good economic results are achieved. Some engine manufacturers use diamond or CBN electroplating reamer to knead the main bearing hole of the cylinder block instead of the original honing process, which improves the processing efficiency several times and the quality is stable.
5. For the machining of difficult materials
Use PCBN tool with positive rake angle, select appropriate cutting parameters, ie υc=100m/min, f=0.05～0.2mm, αp=0.1～0.2mm, use extreme pressure type emulsion or oil coolant, can process Materials such as stainless steel (45HRC), high-temperature alloy steel, high-manganese steel, high-strength steel and high-nickel alloy steel can obtain high processing efficiency and surface quality.
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Microscope Slides And Cover Slips
1. The glass slide is used to put the sample to be tested, and the cover glass is covered on the sample to be tested.
2. The glass slide is at the bottom, which is the carrier for the material you want to observe, that is, you want to put something on it.
3. The cover glass is smaller than the slide glass. The glass slide is mainly used to hold the observation objects. The cover glass is covered on the slide glass and used for fixing.
4. The glass slide is a thicker piece of glass in the transfer slide, which is used to carry the real object. The cover fragment is the small round or square thin one.
5. Mounting is a general term for a set of things, including slides, coverslips and loaded objects
6. The cover glass is square, the slide glass is rectangular, and the width is longer than the side of the cover glass.
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