Researchers have come up with an innovative three-dimensional solar panel design that allows the output power of equivalent substrate area solar panels to be more than double the conventional fixed-plane solar panels to more than 20 times.
A lot of research around the world has been devoted to improving the performance of solar cells and reducing costs, but few people are concerned about how to arrange solar cells more rationally. In general, solar panels are tiled to the roof or other architectural surfaces, and sometimes they are connected to electric structures to ensure that they are always facing the sun.
Now, a research team at MIT has come up with a very different approach, that is to build a cube or tower structure to extend the solar cell upwards through a three-dimensional array. Solar power is most needed to be increased under conditions far from the equator, winter and cloudy weather. This new discovery has passed computer simulation experiments and outdoor real model testing.
New three-dimensional tower solar panels.
The MIT research team initially explored a large number of possible arrays through computer computing and developed an analysis software that can test a given three-dimensional array at different latitudes, seasons, and weather conditions. Then, in order to confirm the model predictions, they built three different solar arrays on the roof of the MIT lab building and conducted several weeks of testing.
With the same amount of power generated, the cost of generating these three-dimensional components exceeds that of ordinary flat panels. Even so, it can produce more electricity every day, every season or even cloudy weather conditions. These improvements can make the energy output more balanced and more predictable, and its grid connection will be easier than the traditional system.
The basic physical principle of these three-dimensional component models to increase the energy output and maintain a balanced power output over time is that the vertical surfaces of these three-dimensional structures absorb more sunlight in the morning, evening, and winter as the sun approaches the horizon.
Since the price of solar cells has been cheaper than the price of ancillary support structures such as wiring and installation, the time has come to adopt such innovative systems. With the rapid decline in the cost of solar cells themselves, the advantages of three-dimensional solar module systems will become increasingly prominent. At present, up to 65% of the cost of photovoltaic power generation is used for installation, acquisition of land permits, and other components other than batteries.
Although computer simulation tests have shown that a complex panel shape can bring the greatest advantage, such as a cube with indentations on each side, these three-dimensional arrays are difficult to manufacture.
The team analyzed both simple cubes and the more complicated accordion tower arrays in the roof test. The test results show that in cloudy weather conditions, the power generated by the three-dimensional analog test assembly greatly exceeds the conventional flat panel. The highest structure tested by the team is the accordion-shaped simulation tower, which can be transported in a flat shape and can be deployed after reaching its destination. This tower structure can be installed in a parking lot and become an electric vehicle charging station.
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