September 4-6, 2015, hosted by China Economic Newspaper Association and China Economic Net, the first “Taishan Forum†with the theme of “Green Life, Happy China†and “Energy Consumption Revolution and Micro Energy Network Construction†" Held in Tai'an City, Shandong Province.
Liang Zhipeng, deputy director of the New Energy Department of the National Energy Administration, delivered a speech at the forum held on the 5th. The main topic of the keynote speech was “Promoting the Energy Production and Consumption Revolution and Realizing Sustainable Social Developmentâ€. He said that the National Energy Administration is promoting the construction of micro-energy micro-grid.
The full text of the speech is as follows:
Here I take this opportunity to talk about the consumption revolution of energy production, some prospects for the development of distributed energy and microgrid in the new form.
First of all, I think that the development of energy, we need to look at the development of the world, we need to look at the big trend of technology and economic development. Our current direction of energy development is closely related to the stage of global energy development.
Since the beginning of modernization, humans have actually experienced three energy changes. For the first time, we have changed from the lowest level of energy utilization of the original biomass energy to the coal-based industrial revolution. This has given birth to industrialization and has also led to the transformation of modern production technology.
The second change is because of environmental reasons, because the new transportation energy needs have given birth to a transformation like oil and gas and electrification, which we use as the second energy source. Now such an energy system based on this fossil energy has already faced serious resources unsustainable and the environment cannot be carried. This is a big problem. Human beings are looking for a new sustainable energy system. This new energy source. At present, various countries are still in the stage of exploration. It is foreseeable that the future energy system should be energy-saving and significantly improve energy efficiency, and more is to transform into a system that is complementary to renewable energy. Ultimately, human beings must find an energy source that can be used sustainably for a long time so that it can survive for a long time.
The transformation of energy, that is, the revolution of energy production and consumption, is a prerequisite for our country to achieve modernization. According to our calculation of such economic development in 2050, we estimate that the economy is to be measured. In the end, when it is necessary to reduce the amount of energy, when the goal of modernization is achieved in 2050, experts estimate that the per capita GDP will reach 30,000 US dollars, and the per capita annual energy consumption will reach 5 tons of standard coal, so that the total energy demand in China will reach 7 billion tons. Standard coal.
If we still follow the current structure, it is expected that the annual coal consumption will reach 6.5 billion tons, which is twice the current. We can imagine that this is a way, resources are not sustainable, and our current environment is already polluted. To the extent that everyone can't bear it, if the future is based on such a large amount of coal consumption, it can be imagined that it is difficult to bear. Therefore, unsustainable energy cannot support China's modernization. We must establish China's modernization. Sustainable energy system.
China and the developed countries are still not the same. The developed countries are gradually taking this step by step, and our country is too late. Our country will realize this modernization in a short period of time, which means that we are in energy. To complete the second energy transformation that developed countries have completed in the 1950s and 1960s, we must focus on coal, and we must turn to a relatively high proportion of natural gas. Nuclear energy has a relatively high proportion, and electrification has achieved relatively large consumption. The proportion is such a situation.
At the same time, we must simultaneously implement the third energy transformation, which means that we need to increase the proportion of renewable energy use on a large scale, and we must achieve distributed energy and centralized energy mutual energy in the production and supply of energy. To support the energy system. The 18th National Congress put forward the strategic thinking of the energy production and consumption revolution, which is to promote the energy production and consumption revolution, control the total energy consumption, strengthen energy conservation and consumption reduction, support energy-saving low-carbon industries and new energy, renewable energy development, and ensure national energy security. I think energy security is a long-term strategic consideration in the long run.
The general tone of the energy revolution and the revolution in energy consumption are to curb irrational energy consumption, improve energy education, and promote energy supply revolution. A system of diversified energy supply should be established with the aim of making our energy supply long-term. The technological revolution of sustainable and energy is to realize the industrial upgrading of our energy, transforming our inefficient way of wasting energy into an efficient and clean way. The institutional transformation is to protect our energy production and consumption revolution and eliminate obstacles. Promote the development of clean energy.
I understand the key tasks, the first is to promote the energy production and consumption revolution. The first, first of all, is to realize the transformation of energy use in the terminal field of energy transfer. I understand the energy production and consumption revolution. Its core is actually in the field of terminal energy use, and its main battlefield is also in the field of terminal energy. Why? Because we see that from an international point of view, the transformation of the energy use of energy in developed countries is actually a fundamental constraint. What is constraining their energy transformation is actually the environment, because of fossil energy. Inefficient use in the past has brought serious environmental pollution, so society is intolerable, so it has produced today's development and is also generating renewable energy. Therefore, we must first change in the energy consumption chain. In order to drive a comprehensive transformation of the entire energy system.
The technology of energy is to provide a source of strength for the revolution of production and consumption of energy. Because of advanced technology, we can achieve this transformation, and our energy system is to provide protection, energy supply is nothing more than There is a kind of adjustment around the demand of consumption, so I think there are many people who have elaborated on this. The energy technology revolution is unconventional oil and gas, efficient use of conventional energy, non-material energy, and a new generation of nuclear power. Advanced renewable energy, in the future of energy infrastructure, the development of smart grid, energy storage technology, and energy Internet combined with information technology.
The revolution in the energy system is currently undergoing reforms in the market for electricity. For example, in the future, such distribution networks, including microgrids, enterprises outside the grid can operate, and can export electricity freely through the electricity market.
In the second aspect, our country has realized the transformation of energy production and consumption. First of all, we have superior resource advantages. Our resources of water, wind, solar and biomass are very rich. Now our total amount of wind energy resources is about 7 billion kilowatts, solar energy I don't want to say this number. Our country is more than 70% of the regions are excellent, can use solar energy, so in terms of resources, renewable energy can meet the demand is not No doubt.
The achievements we have made now are also very significant. Hydropower, wind power and solar power are the first in the world. Now the total installed capacity of power generation has reached 400 million kilowatts, accounting for more than 30% of the total installed capacity of electricity. The power generation is 1 trillion. Electricity consumption accounts for 23% of power generation. Among the total energy consumption, renewable energy accounts for 10%. Our renewable energy development has market advantages. The newly added wind power installed power ranks first in the world, most of the world. The country does not have it. The United States has a new installed capacity of 15 million kilowatts a year. Our annual new PV target is 55 million kilowatts. Our new wind power is about 2000 watts a year. Therefore, the advantages of our power grid market are not available abroad. Said to be unique.
Our national technical equipment has already had strong international competitiveness. Our photovoltaic manufacturing technology has reached a very advanced level, and the industrial chain is complete, and it has strong competitiveness in the international market. The annual output of our photovoltaic cells The annual market sales account for 65% of the global market. Our wind power equipment manufacturing has been completely autonomous, with various specifications of wind power, almost all wind power can be manufactured.
Our renewable energy technology is also making rapid progress. In the past, the cost of photovoltaic products has been reduced by half. The cost of wind power has actually been close to that of coal power. Coal power is 3 cents or 5 cents, which is different in different regions. Wind power is now between 5 cents and 6 cents. This difference is less than 2 cents. This is very close.
If we actually need to take into account the impact of the environment, we are now also proposing a development goal. From 2015 to 2025, wind power solar power should reach coal power, and achieve the same price level according to the current development goal. The development of renewable energy in our past few years has just mentioned that if nuclear power is added, it has reached 7.3%. In fact, by 2020, we will have 15% of fossil energy and 20% in 2030. The goal is Set strategic goals for our renewable energy development.
Renewable energy power generation is actually the fastest growing. Hydropower has reached 300 million kilowatts, and wind power has reached more than 100 million kilowatts. In fact, this data was at the end of last year. Our current wind power installation has reached the end of June of the first half of this year. 105 million kilowatts, solar power generation 36 million kilowatts, so we say that renewable energy development is still very rapid, I will not start one by one, hydropower wind power is the most important of our renewable energy, biomass energy is also widely Applications.
Of course, our renewable energy development is fast, but we don’t think there are many. Some people worry that China’s renewable energy development is too fast, and it also increases pressure on our subsidies. In fact, I think it’s right, But we don't actually have many. Some people worry too much. In fact, we are transforming our energy structure from our goal of environmental protection, and even from our fossil energy development, it is still too little.
For example, solar power, a kilowatt of solar power installed, the national average can only send 1,500 kWh a year, a kilowatt can generate 5,000 kWh of electricity, this is a 4 times relationship, that is to say we send The installed capacity of 15 million kilowatts of solar power is actually equivalent to 4 million kilowatts of thermal power. For us, a thermal power plant is equivalent to all solar power installations. So we don’t have many, and we need to speed up new energy. Development and accelerated development, we must not only develop new energy, but also develop non-material energy.
The potential of non-material power generation resources is still relatively large, with a total potential of 900 million kilowatts, distributed photovoltaic power generation of 300 million kilowatts, distributed windless power of 200 million kilowatts, and small hydropower of 500 million kilowatts. The total potential is still very large, distributed. In recent years, the state has also introduced policies. In 2013, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the “Interim Measures for the Management of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation Projectsâ€, which strives to be self-sufficient and self-sufficient, with excess power on the Internet and the lack of power grid adjustment. All aspects of investment, construction and operation will be fully liberalized and market competition will be carried out, and wind power, solar power generation, biomass power generation, low-energy generation and solar power generation will be adjusted.
Power grid enterprises pay more attention to distributed power generation. In general, this system is still relatively effective. Wind power is also accelerating this kind of distributed power generation. By 2014, most of them are at 7 cents, so it is said that users have used wind power. It can be needed. The management system for distributed power generation has also been established, and the use of photovoltaics has been vigorously promoted. This is not controlled by the national scale. Distributed photovoltaic power generation is filed by local municipal energy authorities, and his grid access and measurement are The service is provided by the enterprise, and the gas distribution has been distributed for several years. The distribution of gas is a fair understanding of the grid. The grid company supports the gas. In order to promote the development of distributed energy, we actually The need for technology, as well as production methods, management, and system-wide comprehensive innovation, so all aspects of the society have proposed the concept of micro-grid.
I think the combination of micro-grid and new energy, and the micro-energy network proposed by our conference today is a thing. There must be a micro-grid to connect this distributed energy and connect it. And such a micro-grid has a time, We must promote the development of renewable energy, the development of new energy, and the basic scope of the proposed microgrid called the new energy microgrid and the meeting will be consistent.
The new energy microgrid is to be built in the local distribution network. He divides electricity, electricity, and other distributed energy sources such as natural gas to realize its multi-energy complementarity, and can build one to electricity. Automated control, this intelligent control such a power control system realizes five free-access operations of this renewable energy distributed renewable energy, achieving the optimal matching of energy usage in small areas and his energy production.
Its technical composition should include small wind power, solar power, and small hydropower. We divide it into three categories, one is networked, this is mainly used under the coverage of the large power grid, the purpose is to combine the end of distributed energy, or distributed power, to achieve a self-organized organization Management, and then establish contact with the big grid, the grid we call it networked, networked we are in Turpan, Xinjiang, this is a residential area, a relatively large residential area, has built 1.3 kW on the roof, there are Electric buses, as well as heat pumps, enable multi-complementary and small-scale regional networking.
There is also such a university, which can also build microgrid projects under better conditions. This is an example of Hangzhou University of Electronic Science and Technology. The scale is not too large, but it achieves a complementary relationship between photovoltaic and distributed thermal power generation.
The second one is off-grid. There are two types, one is the area away from the big power grid, the rural area, the local power supply, the local small hydropower, photovoltaic, and then the micro-grid technology to combine the power supply, It can reliably supply electricity to the local area.
There are also foreign examples. Greece, Europe, and the United States all have micro-grids. In fact, the development of micro-grids is not much different between domestic and foreign countries. Foreign countries are just beginning to develop. We should say that we can accelerate in this field and we can also walk in the forefront of the world. This is part of our Dongfushan Island in Zhejiang. It is also used in the construction of photovoltaics, wind power, etc., and also provides services to provide desalination water supply. Such a microgrid model, this is Yushu, with hydropower and photovoltaics. So the microgrid is a new technology, a new application, a new energy way, it can achieve so many benefits, I will simply talk about it here.
The hyperactivity of a renewable energy source can be overcome in a small environment. I am talking about using it in the distributed end, such as small wind power and small photovoltaic, which can be realized. For example, the heat pump can be used. I will use my own electricity first, and then I will buy it from the big power grid. If I sell it to the big power grid, I will call it the free use of high-speed renewable energy.
The second new energy microgrid optimizes the energy system through technology management and significantly improves energy efficiency. There are two reasons for our low energy efficiency. On the one hand, our technology is not good, and the adoption is backward. On the other hand, It was Feng Shichang who said that energy should not be used in a place where energy is used. The room is very cold. It is still blowing air conditioners. With the new energy microgrid, it can solve the problem of use and adjust it freely. This is an intelligent Energy systems can significantly improve energy efficiency.
The third is to improve the economic efficiency of distributed energy, because we produce our own thermoelectric, first of all. Fourth, the large power grid system can actually be safer and more reliable. If we develop energy without restrictions, we need to solve the big power grid. It may be difficult to operate the large power grid. If we have every energy system, A controllable, when you are connected to the big grid, the big grid forms a very safe and friendly power system.
The fifth infrastructure investment that can save public energy, because our power system has to meet the maximum load of electricity for the large grid, so reduce the consumption of the large grid, because he can buy more of his own load, After the reduction, he can also improve his utilization, which is good for the big grid.
The National Energy Administration is carrying out several tasks:
A demonstration project to start a micro-energy microgrid, including networked and off-grid.
The second is to improve the new energy micro-grid planning and standards system. Only a few people know that this is not the case. It must be a set of standards that everyone can take with this technology. Everyone can do it. Then, this matter can be advanced, and the planning standards system is established as soon as possible to carry out this work throughout the country.
The third study introduced a policy to support the new energy microgrid. This policy is still being negotiated with relevant departments. It has not yet been determined. I think there are two aspects. One is that all levels of finance should give certain investment subsidies, or It is a policy of subsidizing electricity prices. The second aspect is that the reform and innovation of the power system is to let this part of the new energy microgrid's electricity, so that he can participate in market competition, and then participate in market transactions, can maximize the benefits, and give him reform through reform. Bring the greatest benefits.
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