Greenhouse gases such as CO2 emitted by human society have caused global warming and ocean acidification. It is urgent to explore and implement carbon emission reduction methods and methods. The use of microalgae to directly convert industrial source CO2 into biofuel has important strategic significance in the construction of a carbon-neutral energy system. But how can industrial microalgae fix CO2 efficiently? The Single Cell Center of Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Process Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and others found that as an industrial oleaginous microalgae, Micrococcus pseudoalgae cells have at least three characteristics of CO2 Concentrating Mechanism (CCM). The disclosure of this global blueprint for the CCM system structure has laid the foundation for the design and transformation of "super carbon dioxide fixed modules" in industrial microalgae.
At present, the CO2 content in the earth's atmosphere is about 0.04%. In order to enrich such low concentration of CO2 in the environment around Rubisco (ribulose-2-phosphate carboxyl oxidase) in the chloroplast for efficient photosynthesis, autotrophs have evolved various CCM systems. Inorganic carbon molecules are actively supplied or recovered in the cell metabolism network. Therefore, the CCM system contains the mystery of digging and transforming the carbon fixation capacity of the microalgal cell factory.
Nannochloropsis spp. Is an industrial microalgae that can be used in sea water or fresh water for large-scale cultivation outdoors. It has the advantages of fast growth, high fat content, and high-value unsaturated fatty acids such as EPA. It has become one of the main research systems for molecular breeding of industrial oil-producing microalgae, and also supports many domestic and foreign demonstration projects of microalgae-scale fixed carbon dioxide.
The single-cell center Wei Li cooperated with Mohamed El Hajjami of the Ruhr University in Germany to comprehensively analyze the marine microalgae (N. oceanica ) Gene groups and metabolic modules specifically activated under low-carbon conditions, thus revealing the overall blueprint of the CCM system structure. The study found that in the carbon fixing system of Nannochloropsis cells, there are at least three CCM characteristics, including biophysical CCM dominated by carbonic anhydrase and bicarbonate transporter, similar to the C4 photosynthetic carbon fixing pathway of higher plants Biochemical CCM, and background CCM based on mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase and respiratory chain. And the specific mechanisms that support these characteristics are quite significant and even surprisingly different from laboratory model eukaryotic microalgae such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (green algae) and Phaeodactylum tricornutum (diatoms). These genome-wide discoveries have laid the foundation for the systematic design and construction of "super carbon dioxide fixed modules" in industrial oil-producing microalgae.
The work was presided over by Xu Jian, a researcher at the Qingdao Energy Institute, and Ansgar Poetsch, a professor at Ruhr University, Germany, with the help of Zhou Wenxu, a professor at Texas Tech University, and Hu Qiang, a researcher at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the CO2 key deployment project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the “One Three Five†project of the Institute.
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