For different types of cutting, the cutting characteristics of the metal are different, and the more difficult cutting process requires higher cutting fluid. The difficulty of the cutting process is arranged in the order from difficult to easy as follows: internal broaching - external broaching - tapping - threading - hobbing - deep hole drilling - boring - cutting thread with forming tool - high speed low For cutting threads - milling - drilling - planing - turning (single-edged tools) - sawing grinding.
The above sequence is not absolute, as the geometry of the tool and the change in the material of the workpiece will also change the ease of processing.
This article gives a brief description of how some common machining methods choose cutting fluids.
1 Turning, boring
Rough car: When roughing, the machining allowance is large, so the cutting depth and feed amount are large, the cutting resistance is large, a lot of cutting heat is generated, and the tool wear is also serious. The main choice should be to cool the cooling and have certain The water-based cutting fluid for cleaning, lubricating and anti-rusting takes the cutting heat away in time, reduces the cutting temperature, and thus improves the durability of the tool. Generally, the extreme pressure emulsion is better. In addition to good cooling performance, extreme pressure emulsion also has good extreme pressure lubricity, which can significantly extend tool life and improve cutting efficiency. Water-based cutting fluid should pay attention to the maintenance of machine tool guide surface, and workbench should be used before work. Dry the cutting fluid and apply oil.
Finishing car: When finishing the car, the cutting allowance is small, the cutting depth is only 0.05~0.8mm, the feeding amount is small, and the precision and roughness of the workpiece are required to be guaranteed. When the vehicle is finished, the cutting force is small and the temperature is not high. Therefore, it is preferable to use a high concentration (10% or more) emulsion and a cutting fluid containing an oily additive. For turning with high precision requirements, such as fine thread, it is necessary to use rapeseed oil and soybean oil to draw other products as lubricating fluid to meet the precision requirements. As mentioned above, because the vegetable oil is stable and oxidized, some factories use 15% JQ-1 precision cutting lubricant + 85% L-AN32 full loss system oil as precision cutting oil, which works well.
Boring: The cutting mechanism is the same as turning, but it is the inner hole machining, the cutting speed is not big, but the heat dissipation condition is poor. The emulsion can be used as the cutting fluid. When using, the flow rate and pressure of the cutting fluid should be increased appropriately. .
2 <br> <br> Milling Milling is intermittent cutting, the cutting depth change each time the cutter, and a certain tendency to vibration and impact, the milling conditions are worse than the turning condition. When using high-speed tools for high-speed flat milling or high-speed end milling, you need a cutting fluid with good cooling properties, such as extreme pressure emulsion. In low-speed milling, it is required to use lubricated cutting oils such as precision cutting oils and inactive extreme pressure oils. For stainless steel and heat-resistant alloy steel, cutting oils containing sulfur and chlorine extreme pressure additives can be used.
3 <br> <br> thread cutting thread cutting tool and the work material in contact with a wedge, the blade is surrounded on three sides work material, a cutting chip discharge large torque is difficult, heat can not be carried away by the chips, the tool easy to wear, chips The debris is congested and is prone to vibration. Especially in the threading and tapping, the cutting conditions are more severe, sometimes there are chipping and broken taps, and the cutting fluid is required to have both lower friction coefficient and higher extreme pressure to reduce the frictional resistance of the tool and prolong the service life of the tool. Generally, a composite cutting fluid containing both an oily agent and an extreme pressure agent should be used. In addition, the penetration performance of the cutting fluid during thread tapping is very important. Whether the cutting fluid can penetrate into the cutting edge in time has a great influence on the durability of the tap. The permeability of the cutting fluid is related to the viscosity, and the oil with low viscosity is better. If necessary, a small amount of diesel or kerosene may be added to increase the seepage effect. In some occasions, such as the blind hole tapping thread, it is difficult for the cutting fluid to enter the hole. In this case, the effect of the cutting fluid with high viscosity and strong adhesion is better.
Here are a few formulas for cutting fluids for tapping:
10% sulfurized fat oil, 10% chlorinated paraffin, 8% fatty oil, 72% L-AN15 full loss system oil. Suitable for steel and alloy steel tapping. 0%JQ-2 extreme pressure lubricant, 10% JQ-1 precision cutting lubricant, 70% L-AN15 full loss system oil. Suitable for steel and alloy steel tapping. 5% JQ-2 extreme pressure lubricant + 20% diesel engine oil + 60% L-AN15 full loss system oil. Suitable for tapping of aluminum and aluminum alloys. 30% JQ-2 Extreme Pressure Lubricant + 10% Chlorinated Paraffin + 10% Fatty Oil + 50% L-AN32 Total Loss System Oil. Suitable for stainless steel and blind hole tapping. 20% extreme pressure emulsified oil + 80% water, suitable for thread processing of steel standard parts.
4 reaming <br> <br> reaming of hole machining accuracy is required to have high precision reaming low metal cutting small amount of feed, primarily the tool with the hole wall to press cutting, easy to remain in the chip debris or sticky sipe Attached to the edge of the blade, affecting the extrusion of the blade, destroying the machining accuracy and surface roughness, increasing the cutting torque, and also producing built-up edge, increasing the tool wear reaming is basically a boundary lubrication state, generally using good lubrication performance and Good results can be obtained with a high concentration of extreme pressure emulsion or extreme pressure cutting oil. For deep hole reaming, deep hole drilling cutting oil with good lubrication performance can meet the process requirements.
5 broaching
The broach is a machining tool that is arranged along the axis in the direction of the blade and the tooth is juxtaposed with a plurality of teeth. The broaching process is characterized by the ability to machine a workpiece having a complicated shape with high precision. Because the broach is a valuable tool, tool durability has a greater impact on production costs. In addition, broaching is a finishing process that requires strict surface roughness of the workpiece. When broaching, the cutting resistance is large, the chipping is not easy, the cooling condition is poor, and the surface of the workpiece is easily scratched, so the lubricity and the venting performance of the cutting fluid are required to be good. There is a special broaching oil for sulfur-containing extreme pressure additives in China.
For broaching of stainless steel and heat resistant alloys, the following formulations are available: 20% JQ-2 Extreme Pressure Lubricant, 15% Chlorinated Paraffin, 1% Siben-80, 64% L-AN22 Total Loss System Oil.
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