The real-time analysis of large molecular weight biomolecules has always been a difficult area in the biomedical field, and this problem may be overcome recently. At the American Chemical Society in Boston this week, scientists published preliminary mouse experiments that used the technology they developed to analyze a variety of biomolecules. This method produces various types of probes that can be implanted subcutaneously and intravascularly for continuous analysis. The current popular technology cannot achieve this goal.
Nowadays, various biochemical receptors developed by chemical household carbon nanotube-wrapped polymers, for example, can detect insulin, nitric oxide and fibrinogen in the blood. The development in this area will make clinical biochemical diagnosis easier and more convenient.
Combining carbon nanotubes with these polymers can be used as an analytical method for biomacromolecules, but the most challenging issue is how to identify these signals. Heather Clark, a bioanalytical chemist at Northeastern University in Boston, said that while the compatibility of sensors with the human body is an important part of biosensors, the progress is enormous. The long-term susceptor implanted in the body faces many difficulties. On the one hand, the probe can be wrapped by the body's scar tissue, and the structure may also be destroyed by the body. Michael Strano, chemical engineer at MIT, said that the focus of research on biosensors is to create sensors that can sense multiple target molecules at the same time and can function stably for a long time.
The Strano team uses single carbon nanotubes in combination with various polymers and then screens them with the desired biomolecules, and then uses the natural features of the carbon nanotubes to fluoresce and fluoresce. Some molecules can increase fluorescence intensity, and some molecules can The fluorescence intensity is suppressed, and then the level of the target molecule is analyzed based on these characteristics.
The sensor designed by MIT scientists is a mixture of carbon nanotube-embedded polymers and nucleotides. This receptor can bind and analyze fibrinogen levels. Fibrinogen is a key molecule for coagulation function, and its level can reflect coagulation disorders and liver. Diseases are related to the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. According to MIT nanotechnology expert Gili Bisker, this is the first time that biomolecules have been analyzed using receptors. Bisker said at the conference that blood samples can be analyzed using fibrinogen receptors and can also be used in real-time testing. The MIT team has developed receptors that can be implanted subcutaneously to monitor blood glucose and insulin levels in real time. They hope to make small patches and wireless devices in the future, and they can send blood sugar and insulin levels over wireless networks.
Nicole Iverson, another biomedical engineer at MIT, developed a sensor that can detect nitric oxide, a free radical and a gas that is associated with inflammation and tumors in various tissues. Using hydrogel as a matrix, this sensor was implanted in animals for continuous work for more than 400 days without causing inflammation. Nitric oxide receptors also play a role in mouse blood vessels, even through the pulmonary capillaries, and the lungs are also target organs for the toxicity of the nanotubes. Iverson intends to use the nitric oxide sensor as a Tool to detect tumor cells. Using this tool, the surgeon can perform surgical resection of the tumor as an analytical method to analyze whether tumor cells have been completely eliminated.
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