Insecticidalamine, also known as cyromazine, is a triazine compound that regulates insect growth and is a novel, highly effective, low-toxic, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic insecticide for controlling larvae and mites of Diptera insects. It has special physiological activity and has the function of systemic absorption. It is an ecological pesticide that has a good effect on the control of insects and insects of Diptera.
Cyromazine (structure shown in Figure 1), also known as cyromazine, chemical name N-cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine, is a triazine a compound that regulates the growth of insects. It is a new type of high-efficiency, low-toxic, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic insecticide. It has special physiological activity against larvae and mites of Diptera insects. It has a systemic conduction effect and can interfere with molting. And phlegm, causing its shape to be distorted, resulting in the inhibition or incompleteness of adult emergence, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the overproduction of dipteran pests and reducing the number of pests. It is an ecological pesticide with good effects on the control of diseases and insect pests of Diptera. .
Figure 1 chlortetracycline structure
The chlorfenapyr was first developed by the Swiss company Ciha-Gergy, and in the 1960s and 1970s, pests and insecticides for insect control were introduced. Due to its proprietary growth regulation effect on Diptera insects, It has been widely promoted in the world. In the United States, chlorfenapyr is mainly used for controlling Phytoplankton, killing poultry eggs, preventing green flies on livestock, and killing flies in public places.
At present, chlortetracycline has registered 91 varieties in China. The main dosage forms include wettable powders, suspending agents, water-dispersible granules and soluble powders. The registered crops are only four kinds of kidney beans, flowers, cucumbers and ginger, but related research shows that Drosophila has a significant effect on a variety of crop pests. It is recommended to strengthen guidance, promote registration, and promote rational and legal use of drugs.
Chlortetracycline control
Ke Yanming et al. found through field efficacy test that 80% of the mitochlor WP has good control effect on the eggplant Liriomyza huidobrensis. The recommended dosage is 675ml~900ml/667m2, in the genus Liriomyza. The 2nd instar larvae were applied at the peak of the larvae. The application time was selected from 6:00 to 9:00 am or in the evening. The conventional method sprayed evenly on both sides of the leaves. The water was about 50L per 667m2. The experimental results showed that the average control effect was up to More than 90.
Chlortetracycline
Vegetable soybeans, also known as edamame and lentils, are a special type of soybeans that are eaten as vegetables. They are the main vegetable varieties exported to Japan, the United States and the European Union in the frozen processing of Zhangzhou. The black stalk is a major pest of vegetable soybeans. In the past few years, it has been widely used in the production of chlorfenapyr to control the black-streaked larvae of vegetable soybeans. Chen Liping's research results show that the use of 50% chlorfenapyr wettable powder to control the black bean fly, the original residue of muscimol in vegetable soybeans has a greater relationship with the amount of spray and the number of application, the active ingredients of spraying The larger the original residue, the higher the number of sprays and the higher the original residue. The digestion dynamic equation accords with the first-order kinetic relationship, and the application of cytosine 187.5g ai/hm2 and 375g ai/hm2 is applied once and interval. The application was continued twice a day for 7 days. The final residue was less than 0.5 mg/kg 15 days after the last application. The product quality safety level met the requirements specified in GB 2763-2014.
Insecticidal control
With the continuous development of the edible fungus industry, the types and quantities of edible fungi are increasing. In the Diptera, there are many species and large numbers of eyelid mosquitoes, which are the most important pest groups on edible fungi, and serious damage will be caused by careful attention to prevention and control. Zou Huajiao studied the prevention and control effect of chlortetracycline on the edible fungus, and the test results showed that the anti-insect effect of the chlortetracycline 1.5% granule 0.075g ai/500g was 78%~96%. , Starchamine 50% wettable powder 0.1g ai / 500g spray treatment, insecticidal effect of 73% ~ 90%. The anti-mime has a good control effect on the edible fungus, and it has a good effect. The use of the mixture to control the edible fungus is better than the conventional spray treatment, which can be promoted in production. .
Insecticidal control
éŸè›† is the enemy of the production of leeks, which seriously affects the yield and quality of leeks. Conventional insecticides are not ideal for the control of alfalfa. In some areas, vegetable farmers use high-toxic organophosphorus pesticides to control the alfalfa, which causes environmental pollution and pesticide residues to exceed the standard, which brings harm to people's health. As an efficient, low-toxic, low-residue insecticide, chlorfenapyr provides a new choice for the control of cockroaches. Mu Wei et al. used 10% chlorfenapyr water suspension 500ml/mu, 750ml/mu, 1000ml/mu and 48% chlorpyrifos (Lesburn) emulsifiable concentrate 500ml/mu for eight days and reached the highest defense of 84.7%, 92.6%, 94.3 % and 93.8%. The muscimol obviously interferes with or inhibits the molting, so that the cockroach can not normalize the fly and feathering, and the cockroach mortality rate is increased. The highest control effect is in the late stage of larval development, the post-effect is obvious, and the adult egg production is greatly reduced, which can be applied to Prevention of cockroaches.
Strengthening the detection of chlortetracycline residues
With the increasing use of chlorfenapyr in fruits, vegetables and the prevention of mosquitoes and flies, it poses certain potential risks to the environment and human health. Therefore, it is of practical significance to strengthen the detection of chlortetracycline residues. At present, the domestically reported literature on the detection of chlortetracycline residues mainly includes Raman spectroscopy, liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Liu Xinyan et al. studied the purification and liquid chromatography of strong cation exchange solid phase extraction column for the elimination of muscimol residue in vegetables, and established a simple and rapid method for the determination of chlortetracycline residues in vegetables. Vegetable samples were extracted with acetic acid amine-acetonitrile (1:4, volume ratio) mixed solution, purified by strong cation exchange solid phase extraction (SCX-SPE) column, and determined by high performance liquid chromatography at 215 nm. For Agilent NH2, the mobile phase was an acetonitrile-water solution (97:3, by volume) eluting with a gradient of 1.0 ml/min. The results showed that the linear correlation coefficient was 0.9999 in the range of 0.02~2mg/L. The concentration of chlortetracycline was in the range of 0.05-0.4 mg/kg, the average recovery was 83.4%-104%, and the relative standard deviation was 1.7%-8.4%, which was within the range allowed by pesticide residue determination. The method has a minimum detection limit (LOD) of 0.02 mg/kg and a minimum detection concentration (LOQ) of 0.05 mg/kg.
Zhou Hongwei et al. established a method for the determination of chlortetracycline residues in food by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The sample was homogenized, extracted and acidified by acetonitrile water, purified by C18 solid phase extraction column, and detected by multi-ion reaction monitoring (MRM) quantitative method using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer. According to the methodological confirmation, the detection limit of the method for cytosine was 1.0 μg/kg, and the limit of quantification was 1.0 μg/kg. In the linear range of 5.0~200.0, the correlation coefficient r>0.9999, the recovery rate is 78.2%~95.6%. The method has high sensitivity, accurate quantitative and wide concentration range, and is an ideal method for detecting the content of chlortetracycline in food.
In recent years, molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) technology has attracted more attention in the field of separation science because it can effectively separate impurities and target components and selectively adsorb to target molecules. Zina et al. used chlortetracycline as a template molecule, methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as a crosslinking agent, and toluene and isooctane as binary porogens. Molecularly imprinted polymer of cytosine was prepared by low temperature photoinitiation and bulk polymerization.
The prepared imprinted and non-imprinted polymers were determined and characterized by equilibrium adsorption experiments, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and mercury intrusion. The results showed that the prepared imprinted polymers had significant specific adsorption on the template molecules. effect. The starchamine molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction column prepared by the polymer was used to treat the sample in combination with high performance liquid chromatography, and the linear range was 0.1~10mg/L (r=0.9991). The detection limit (S/N=3) was 0.05 mg/L. The method is quick and simple, and the effect is superior to the commercial solid phase extraction column.
As a high-efficiency, low-toxic ecological pesticide, chlortetracycline has been widely used in agricultural production, but the rational use of the drug must be strengthened. At present, the standard system for the maximum residue limit of chlortetracycline in China is not perfect. For example, the maximum residue limit of chlorpyrifos in edible fungi lacks corresponding standards, which poses a hidden danger for planting safety, resulting in a large number of chlorfenapyr pesticide residues, which is difficult to guarantee. The quality of the bacteria is safe; in addition, farmers should pay attention to the rational application of chlortetracycline, which must be carried out in accordance with the relevant standards for the use of pesticides. If the concentration and the number of uses are increased without authorization, the residual risk will increase. When using, the dosage should be recommended according to the pesticide label or the instructions. It should not be increased or decreased arbitrarily to prevent crop damage or affect the control effect.
When using pesticides, it is necessary to emphasize the rational rotation of different types of pesticides to delay the development of drug resistance and improve the service life of pesticides. To sum up, improving relevant industry standards, standardizing the use of pesticides, and preventing pesticide residues from exceeding the standards are important ways to improve the quality of agricultural products and increase the economic income of farmers.
(Source: Pesticide Market Information)
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