First, the traditional manual gearbox <br> Advantages: high control fun, simple and reliable structure, good fuel economy Disadvantages: complex operation for the crowd: high requirements for control fun, like car communication, performance modification, technical maturity The representative models of the owners: Jetta, Santana, Xiali and other traditional manual transmissions have the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, high transmission efficiency and high reliability. Although the operation is relatively complicated, it still has unique advantages. Our requirement for a manual gearbox is firstly clear gear, followed by a reasonable gear ratio, then we will examine its bar position, shifting feel, etc. Finally, we certainly need to look at the feel of the block and Whether the design is suitable for your hand shape.
The gear position is clear. The safety of the gearbox is clear. The car is changed from the lowest gear to the highest gear, and then the lowest gear is returned to the lowest gear. Every gear is tried, even if you are not professional. The test driver will also get a more accurate comment. The reason why we clearly listed the gear as the primary item of investigation is because the clear gear helps to reduce the shifting time and the chance of entering the wrong gear. These are important factors related to driving safety, especially for women or novices. In fact, the clear gear is extremely important. The author thinks that the Volkswagen series of manual gearboxes are doing a good job in this respect, the gears are not only very clear, but at the glance of the gear, you will feel a little suction applied by the gearbox to the block. This just the right shock reflects the shift. The design of the gear-locking mechanism is excellent, the manufacturing precision is very high, and it is quite pleasing. This feeling is most obvious on the Audi A6L 2.0T FSI MT, which is an excellent manual transmission.
For the owners of the ashes, it is worthwhile to understand the processing equipment and process of their automobile production line. The processing of the ring gear is mostly processed by the German arthur-klink barrel broaching machine to achieve such manufacturing precision.
Model positioning determines the shift schedule. In addition to whether the gear is clear, we also need to examine the shift schedule. From the neutral to the driving gear, the amplitude of the movement of the lever can be simply referred to as the shift stroke. The shifting stroke is short, and the entry is fast, but the required shifting force is often large; the shifting stroke is long, although the entry is slower, but the required strength is smaller. Most of the models that focus on handling are short-stroke shifting mechanisms, while those that focus on comfort will have a longer shifting schedule. In addition, the entry of European and Japanese cars is somewhat different. Generally speaking, European cars require more entry, and Japanese cars are more relaxed.
Auto engineers use the manual shifting speed and transmission efficiency as the direction of efforts to continuously improve the intelligence of the automatic transmission, but the automatic transmission can only be close to the performance of the manual transmission, which is also the manual transmission still occupied in Europe. The reason for the peak. But these advantages of the manual transmission are based on the driver's good driving skills. If the newcomer lacks driving skills, the manual transmission may not be as fuel-efficient as the automatic transmission, and the manual transmission is due to the numerous urban areas. Traffic lights are no longer a source of fun.
Second, the automatic transmission <br> Advantages: easy to drive, for the entry driver, the active safety is better. Disadvantages: poor fuel economy, small control fun for the crowd: owners who like simple driving feeling, not good at driving manual transmission models The owner of the entry-level new driver: Guangzhou Honda Accord, Dongfeng Nissan Tianzhu and other automatic transmissions AT automatic transmission is currently commonly used in the form of gearboxes, manual transmissions mainly through the adjustment of different gear combinations to replace the gear, while the traditional automatic The gearbox is geared by hydraulic and planetary gears. Among them, the hydraulic torque converter is the most characteristic component of the traditional automatic transmission, commonly known as pumpkin, its role is equivalent to the clutch of the manual transmission. The owner can automatically switch gears by simply controlling the depth of the accelerator pedal. Therefore, when it comes to the problem of gearbox intelligence, whether an automatic gearbox can quickly and accurately understand the driver's intention depends on the preparation of the control program. For example, the driver quickly deepens the accelerator pedal, which indicates that rapid acceleration is required. At this time, the gearbox should quickly shift to the sport mode, perform the downshifting action and maintain the high speed shifting to improve the power. This is called Kick-down; If the driver quickly releases the accelerator pedal and depresses the brake pedal, the gearbox should quickly downshift and use the engine brake to help slow down; if the driver's throttle changes slowly or even the throttle opening remains the same, then the cruise is proven to be in a cruise state. The gearbox should be in the high gear as much as possible to reduce engine speed and improve fuel economy.
An automatic transmission with four forward gears is already the basis for the current comparison. The medium-speed automatic transmission of the 200,000-class midsize sedan has become the mainstream, while the executive-class sedan has begun to use the six-speed automatic transmission. The luxury sedan even began to use the seven-speed automatic transmission. The new Mercedes-Benz S-Class not only has seven There are also two forward gears and even reverse gears. Of course, the more gears in the automatic transmission, the smoother the vehicle and the better fuel economy, but more than one gear is complicated by mechanical structure and control procedures.
Some automatic transmissions have O/D gears, such as the Toyota Grandmaster. Its function is to limit the gearbox to the highest gear. For example, when the big fighter with four forward gears turns on the O/D switch, the gearbox changes only in the first, second and third gears. At this time, the shifting speed is lower than that of the closed O. The /D switch is higher. This device can be freely switched between the third and fourth gears, which is very helpful for overtaking on highways.
Third, the hand-in-one gearbox
Advantages: Easy to drive while recovering some driving pleasures Disadvantages: poor fuel economy for the crowd: urban vehicles, and drivers who are difficult to drive off, representative models: Beijing Hyundai NF Yuxiang, Mazda6, etc. The manual transmission is developed from a traditional automatic transmission. This type of transmission has a significant +/- mark. The driver can cut the position manually to switch gears, but the manual mode of the manual manual is in response speed. It can't be compared with the manual gearbox at all, and the driving pleasure is very limited. There are two types of manual gearboxes. One focuses on the protection of the engine. When the engine speed is too low or too high, the gearbox is forced to move up and down. The hand-in-one gearbox that focuses on driving pleasure is The owner provides more space for the display. Even if the engine speed is too high, the gearbox will not be proficient, but the engine speed will be limited by cutting off the fuel supply.
Fourth, CVT stepless gearbox <br> Advantages: good fuel economy, high comfort Disadvantages: poor control of the crowd for the crowd: fuel economy and comfort as the main representative of the car: Guangzhou Honda Fit, domestic Audi A6, etc. The full name of the CVT continuously variable transmission is Continuosusly Variable Transmission. The CVT continuously variable transmission transmits power through the transmission steel belt, and the transmission ratio is continuously changed by adjusting the position of the steel belt. The transmission of the CVT gearbox is not fixed. It is the biggest feature of the conventional gearbox, so the shifting is smooth and without frustration. The CVT is light in weight, small in size, simple in structure, and low in power loss. However, due to the technical level of the steel strip, etc., it can not be used on the models with high torque output, so it is often used in mini-cars. In addition, the domestic Audi A6 also uses CVT gearboxes.
Five, semi-automatic gearbox
Advantages: simple structure, rapid shifting disadvantages: less application models, expensive accessories for the crowd: owners who need to switch gears frequently and frequently (for semi-automatic gearboxes for sports cars)
A vehicle owner who wants to operate simply but has more requirements for the price of the car (for semi-automatic gearboxes for mini vehicles)
Representative models: BMW M5, M6, Ferrari F430 and other semi-automatic transmissions use automatic clutch and other mechanisms to eliminate the clutch pedal on the basis of the traditional manual transmission. The shifting is only operated by the lever or the shift paddle. The semi-automatic gearbox is easy to implement. Faster shifting speeds than traditional automatic transmissions, so semi-automatic transmissions are used in high-performance vehicles such as BMW and Ferrari. Semi-automatic gearboxes also appear on European small cars, and a small number of domestic mini-cars are also used, but the principle and structure are obviously different from those of high-performance cars.
For example, the SMG for the BMW M-Power high-performance model is a semi-automatic transmission. As the first civilian gearbox with F1 gearbox technology, the SMG has a simple structure and reliable operation, and it has reached a very high level in terms of shifting speed, reliability and matching with the engine. If the SMG's dedicated servo parts are removed, the remaining part is the traditional six-speed manual transmission from Getrag, Germany. The essence of SMG lies in the drive technology of the fork and clutch and the software arrangement of the driver's up to 11 shift modes when the SMG is in the automatic mode. The shifting time is only 0.08 seconds, even if it is manually shifted. Beyond.
Remarks: The broaching process on the German six-speed manual transmission production line of Getrag in Germany uses all the barrel broaching machines from Germany arthur-klink.
Sixth, DSG double clutch transmission <br> Advantages: rapid shifting, good fuel economy Disadvantages: less application models, expensive accessories for the crowd: the owner of the gearbox shift time and power transmission efficiency has very high requirements Models: Volkswagen Golf GTi, Audi TT, Volkswagen Magotan Volkswagen's DSG dual clutch transmission Double Shift Gear Transmission is a new design with a subversive design that not only inherits the high efficiency of manual transmission transmission, but also The manual transmission shifts faster. By interlacing the two power transmission routes to reach the level that is difficult for all automatic transmissions, Porsche, which has close ties with the public, will also use this technology in high-performance sports cars, and Volkswagen will gradually adopt DSG in low-end models.
The DSG has a dual clutch assembly consisting of two sets of clutch plates. It also has a dual drive shaft mechanism consisting of a solid shaft and its external sleeve. The Mechatronic electronic control and hydraulic unit simultaneously control both sets of clutches. The action of the gear set. In a certain gear position, the clutch 1 is combined, a set of gears meshes to output power, and when the shift is approached, the gears of the next set of gears are preselected, and the associated clutch 2 is still in the separated state; When entering the next gear position, the clutch 1 in the working state is disengaged, the gear in use is disengaged from the power, and the clutch 2 engages the preselected gear to enter the next gear. During the entire shift, it is ensured that at least one set of gears is outputting power, so that there is no intermittent power.
Compared with the traditional manual gear, it is more convenient to use, because in the end, it is an automatic transmission, just using the new technology of DSG, which makes the manual transmission have automatic performance, and greatly improves the fuel economy of the car, DSG ratio Manual gear shifting is faster and smoother, and power output is uninterrupted.
Compared with the traditional automatic transmission, the DSG automatic transmission has obvious difference. The DSG does not use the torque converter, the automatic conversion is more flexible, and it is not developed on the basis of the traditional concept of the automatic transmission. The engineers who designed the DSG created the New technology.
For the domestic gearbox industry, the German arthur-klink Astra-Colinco Group enters the Chinese market and will play a key role in improving the manufacturing technology of domestic gearboxes! ! !
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